Introductory
Presented at the 2025 Mining and Land Resources Institute
Is lithium brine a mineral, water—or something else?
Lithium brine sits at the intersection of oil and gas law, mining law, and water law, creating significant uncertainty for land and title professionals. States are taking different approaches, while courts and legislatures continue to define the rules.
This session provides a practical roadmap for navigating the uncertainty, including:
Designed for landmen, attorneys, title examiners, real estate brokers, and other professionals involved in negotiating, drafting, or diligencing agreements involving subsurface brine, produced water, or mineral estates in lithium plays—including the Smackover Trend, Permian Basin, Salton Sea, and emerging basins.



Counsel, Energy and Mining Group, Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP
Lindsay Dofelmier is counsel in the Energy & Mining Group of Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, where she advises clients on natural resources, energy, and environmental matters across all stages of project development. Her practice spans critical minerals and rare earths, mining, renewables, public lands, water law, and Tribal consultation, with experience on resource development across public, private, and Indian lands. Lindsay provides full-service support for extractive and energy industry transactions and disputes — from due diligence and permitting to negotiating agreements and representing clients in state and federal court.
Prior to Davis Graham, Lindsay practiced natural resources law at two major international firms in Houston and Denver and served as a legal fellow with Defenders of Wildlife in Denver. She clerked for the Honorable Melinda Harmon of the Southern District of Texas and is a member of the Turtle Clan of the Onondaga Clear Sky First Nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy.

Attorney, Depew Gillen Rathbun & McInteer, LC
Jennifer N. Horchem is an attorney at Depew Gillen Rathbun & McInteer, LC where her practice focuses on conventional and renewable energy, real estate, and probate matters. Licensed in Colorado, Kansas, North Dakota, and Texas, Jennifer's energy practice includes advising operators, mineral owners, and auction companies on title, transactional, and regulatory issues.
A recognized leader in the energy industry, Jennifer serves on the Board of Directors for the Kansas Independent Oil & Gas Association and is a Past President of the Kansas Bar Association's Oil and Gas Section. She is also actively involved in the American Association of Professional Landmen, where she currently serves as the chair of the Lithium Brine Lease Subcommittee, and its Wichita chapter where she serves as the chair of the Ethics Committee. Jennifer has also previously served on the Scholarship Committee for the Foundation for Natural Resources and Energy Law and enjoys speaking at industry organizations like the National Association of Division Order Analysts and the Council of Petroleum Accountants Societies.
Jennifer previously served as Associate General Counsel and Vice President-Land Administration for a large, independent oil and gas exploration company. Her different roles in private practice and as in-house counsel have given her a unique perspective on the challenges and opportunities facing today's energy industry. Passionate about mentoring, advancing women in traditionally male-dominated fields, and serving her community, she was recently recognized as a 2026 Wichita Business Journal Women in Business honoree for her professional accomplishments, leadership, and community impact.
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